## Definition

CPU mining is the process of using a computer's central processing unit, or CPU, to mine cryptocurrency. The CPU runs [mining software](/glossary/mining-software) that performs calculations needed by a [proof-of-work network](https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf). It was the original way people mined Bitcoin, but today it is mostly used on smaller networks, privacy coins, test networks, or for learning.

## How It Works

In proof-of-work mining, miners compete to find a valid block by testing possible values until one produces a hash that meets the network's target. With CPU mining, those calculations are handled by the main processor in a laptop, desktop, or server instead of a graphics card or [ASIC miner](/glossary/asic-miner).

Mining software connects the computer to a blockchain network or a mining pool. It receives mining work, asks the CPU to calculate hashes, and sends back any valid result. If the miner finds or helps find a [block](https://developer.bitcoin.org/reference/block_chain.html), they may receive a share of the [block reward](/glossary/block-reward).

CPU mining is simple to start because most computers already have a processor, memory, storage, and an internet connection. However, CPUs are general-purpose chips. They are flexible, but they usually produce far less hash rate than GPUs or ASIC miners.

Profitability depends on the coin, [mining difficulty](/glossary/mining-difficulty), [electricity cost](/glossary/electricity-cost), CPU efficiency, block rewards, market price, and pool fees. Heat, fan noise, hardware wear, and power use also matter, especially when mining on a personal computer.

## Why It Matters

CPU mining matters because it is the most accessible form of cryptocurrency mining. Anyone with a normal computer can understand the basic mining process without buying specialized hardware.

It also plays a role in networks that try to stay friendly to general-purpose hardware. Some coins use mining algorithms designed to reduce the advantage of ASICs and keep mining more open to regular users.

For Bitcoin and many large proof-of-work networks, CPU mining is no longer competitive. Specialized machines calculate hashes far faster and more efficiently, which is why modern Bitcoin mining is dominated by [ASIC hardware](https://braiins.com/blog/bitcoin-mining-hardware). Even so, CPU mining remains useful for education, experimentation, early-stage coins, and networks where processor-friendly algorithms are part of the design.

## Related Terms

- [Proof of Work](/glossary/proof-of-work)
- [Hash Rate](/glossary/hash-rate)
- [GPU Mining](/glossary/gpu-mining)
- [ASIC Miner](/glossary/asic-miner)
- [Mining Difficulty](/glossary/mining-difficulty)